WCF授权-ASP.NET Roles授权[下篇]

　　为了让读者对基于ASP.ENT Roles授权方式有一个全面的认识，我们现在来做一个实例演示。在这个实例中，我们将采用不同的认证方式，包括Windows认证和证书认证（ASP.NET Membership + Roles为常见的组合方式，在这里就不多作演示）。简单起见，我们依然沿用一贯的基于如下图所示的解决方案结构，并且依然采用声明式的授权。所以在服务操作方法Add上通过应用PrincipalPermissionAttribute特性指定其被授权的角色Administrators。

public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{
    [PrincipalPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Role = "Administrators")]
    public double Add(double x, double y)
    {
        return x + y;
    }
}

一、为SqlRoleProvider创建数据库

　　我们具体采用的RoleProvider为SqlRoleProvider。为此，我们首先需要做的就是创建相应的数据库。ASP.NET所有提供程序（比如Membership、Roles、Profile和Site Map等）所用的数据库的初始化工作都可以通过aspnet_regsql.exe这个工具来生成。当你创建了数据库之后，你需要在aspnet_Applications表中插入一条记录，以表示我们我们即将演示的应用。你可以直接执行如下的一段SQL脚本，在该校本中我们将演示应用起名为AspRolesAuthorizationDemo。

INSERT INTO [aspnet_Applications]
           ([ApplicationName]
           ,[LoweredApplicationName]
           ,[ApplicationId]
           ,[Description])
VALUES
           (
             'AspRolesAuthorizationDemo'
             ,'asprolesauthorizationdemo '
             ,NEWID()
             ,''
        )

二、在Windows认证下使用ASP.ENT Roles授权

　　我们授权演示的是在客户端凭证类型为Windows的情况下采用ASP.NET Roles授权模式，为此我们需要更新一下服务端和客户端的配置。注意不要忘了将根据你的实际情况修正连接字符串。下面是服务端配置。

   1: <?xml version="1.0"?>

   2: <configuration>

   3:   <connectionStrings>

   4:     <add name="aspNetDb" connectionString="..." providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>

   5:   </connectionStrings>

   6:   <system.web>    

   7:     <roleManager enabled="true" defaultProvider="sqlRoleProvider">

   8:       <providers>

   9:         <add name="sqlRoleProvider" 

  10: type="System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProvider, System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" 

  11: connectionStringName="AspNetDb" applicationName="AspRolesAuthorizationDemo"/>

  12:       </providers>

  13:     </roleManager>

  14:   </system.web>

  15:   <system.serviceModel>  

  16:     <services>

  17:       <service name="Artech.WcfServices.Services.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="useAspNetRoles">

  18:         <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1/calculatorservice" binding="ws2007HttpBinding" 

  19: contract="Artech.WcfServices.Contracts.ICalculator"/>

  20:       </service>

  21:     </services>

  22:     <behaviors>

  23:       <serviceBehaviors>

  24:         <behavior  name="useAspNetRoles">          

  25:           <serviceAuthorization principalPermissionMode="UseAspNetRoles" roleProviderName="sqlRoleProvider"/>

  26:         </behavior>

  27:       </serviceBehaviors>

  28:     </behaviors>

  29:   </system.serviceModel>

  30: </configuration>

下面是客户端配置。

   1: <?xml version="1.0"?>

   2: <configuration>

   3:   <system.serviceModel>   

   4:     <client>

   5:       <endpoint name="calculatorService" address="http://127.0.0.1/calculatorservice" binding="ws2007HttpBinding" 

   6: contract="Artech.WcfServices.Contracts.ICalculator"/>

   7:     </client>   

   8:   </system.serviceModel>

   9: </configuration>

　　在这之前我们需要创建了两个Windows帐号Foo和Bar，密码为Password。由于我们现在是采用ASP.NET Roles进行授权，我们需要通过Roles这个静态类为他们分配相应的权限。为了省事，我直接将相应的实现写在如下所示的服务寄宿程序中。在这段代码 中，如果Administrators角色不存在，先创建它，并将其分配给用户Jinnan-PC\Foo（Jinnan-PC为我的机器名，对于域帐 号，用域名替换）。

if (!Roles.RoleExists("Administrators"))
{
    Roles.CreateRole("Administrators");
}
if(!Roles.IsUserInRole(@"Jinnan-PC\Foo","Administrators"))
{
    Roles.AddUserToRole(@"Jinnan-PC\Foo","Administrators");
}
using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))
{
    host.Open();
    Console.Read();
}

然后客户端分别以Foo和Bar的名义进行两次服务调用，下面是客户端程序：

   1: ChannelFactory<ICalculator> channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("calculatorService");

   2: NetworkCredential credential = channelFactory.Credentials.Windows.ClientCredential;

   3: credential.UserName = "Foo";

   4: credential.Password = "Password";

   5: ICalculator calculator = channelFactory.CreateChannel();

   6: Invoke(calculator);

   7:  

   8: channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("calculatorService");

   9: credential = channelFactory.Credentials.Windows.ClientCredential;

  10: credential.UserName = "Bar";

  11: credential.Password = "Password";

  12: calculator = channelFactory.CreateChannel();

  13: Invoke(calculator);

其中Invoke方法定义如下：

static void Invoke(ICalculator calculator)
{
    try
    {
        calculator.Add(1,2);
        Console.WriteLine("服务调用成功...");
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("服务调用失败...");
    }
}

　　由于Foo在服务启动之初就已经分配了Adminstrators角色，而Bar没有，所以只有第一次服务调用能够成功。而最终的执行结果也印证了这一点。

服务调用成功...
服务调用失败...

三、在X.509证书认证下使用ASP.ENT Roles授权

　　接下来我们来演示客户端使用X.509证书的情况下如何使用ASP.ENT Roles授权。为此我们需要通过如下的命令行创建三个主题名称（CN）分别为Jinnan-PC（你可以任意指定该证书主体名称）、Foo和Bar的证 书。第一个作为服务证书，后两个坐位客户端证书。它们都自动保存到本机（LocalMachine）的个人证书存储区。然后我们利用MMC的证书管理单元 将Foo和Bar两证书导入到受信任人（Trusted People）证书存储区。

MakeCert –n “CN=Jinnan-PC” –sr LocalMachine –ss My –pe –sky exchange
MakeCert –n “CN=Foo” –sr LocalMachine –ss My –pe –sky exchange
MakeCert –n “CN=Bar” –sr LocalMachine –ss My –pe –sky exchange

　　为了采用X.509证书作为客户端凭证，我们需要修改服务端和客户端的配置。在服务端配置中，不仅仅通过服务行为进行基于ASP.NET Roles授权相应的设置，还为服务设置了服务证书（Jinnan-PC），以及针对证书的认证模式（PeerOrChainTrust）。而客户端则将 服务证书的认证模式设为None。下面是服务端配置。

   1: <?xml version="1.0"?>

   2: <configuration>

   3:   <connectionStrings>

   4:     <add name="AspNetDb" connectionString="..." providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>

   5:   </connectionStrings>

   6:   <system.web>    

   7:     <roleManager enabled="true" defaultProvider="SqlRoleProvider">

   8:       <providers>

   9:         <add name="sqlRoleProvider" 

  10: type="System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProvider, System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" 

  11: connectionStringName="AspNetDb" applicationName="AspRolesAuthorizationDemo"/>

  12:       </providers>

  13:     </roleManager>

  14:     </system.web>

  15:   <system.serviceModel>

  16:     <bindings>

  17:       <ws2007HttpBinding>

  18:         <binding name="certificateCredentialBinding">

  19:           <security mode="Message">

  20:             <message clientCredentialType="Certificate"/>

  21:           </security>

  22:         </binding>

  23:       </ws2007HttpBinding>

  24:     </bindings>

  25:     <services>

  26:       <service name="Artech.WcfServices.Services.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="useAspNetRoles">

  27:         <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1/calculatorservice" binding="ws2007HttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="certificateCredentialBinding" 

  28: contract="Artech.WcfServices.Contracts.ICalculator"/>

  29:       </service>

  30:     </services>

  31:     <behaviors>

  32:       <serviceBehaviors>

  33:         <behavior  name="useAspNetRoles">

  34:           <serviceAuthorization principalPermissionMode="UseAspNetRoles" roleProviderName="sqlRoleProvider"/>

  35:           <serviceCredentials>

  36:             <serviceCertificate storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName ="My" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" findValue="Jinnan-PC"/>

  37:             <clientCertificate>

  38:               <authentication certificateValidationMode="PeerOrChainTrust"/>

  39:             </clientCertificate>

  40:           </serviceCredentials>

  41:         </behavior>

  42:       </serviceBehaviors>

  43:     </behaviors>

  44:   </system.serviceModel>

  45: </configuration>

下面是客户端配置。

   1: <?xml version="1.0"?>

   2: <configuration>

   3:   <system.serviceModel>

   4:     <bindings>

   5:       <ws2007HttpBinding>

   6:         <binding name="certificateCredentialBinding">

   7:           <security mode="Message">

   8:             <message clientCredentialType="Certificate"/>

   9:           </security>

  10:         </binding>

  11:       </ws2007HttpBinding>

  12:     </bindings>

  13:     <client>

  14:       <endpoint name="calculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="ignoreCertValidation" 

  15: address="http://127.0.0.1/calculatorservice" binding="ws2007HttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="certificateCredentialBinding" 

  16: contract="Artech.WcfServices.Contracts.ICalculator">

  17:         <identity>

  18:           <certificateReference storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName ="My" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" findValue="Jinnan-PC"/>

  19:         </identity>

  20:       </endpoint>

  21:     </client>

  22:     <behaviors>

  23:       <endpointBehaviors>

  24:         <behavior name="ignoreCertValidation">

  25:           <clientCredentials>

  26:             <serviceCertificate>

  27:               <authentication certificateValidationMode="None"/>

  28:             </serviceCertificate>

  29:           </clientCredentials>

  30:         </behavior>

  31:       </endpointBehaviors>

  32:     </behaviors>

  33:   </system.serviceModel>

  34: </configuration>

　　现在我需要做的是通过Roles这个静态类型对以证书表示的两个用户进行角色的分配。之前我们已经说过，当客户端采用证书作为客户端凭证的情况下， 用户名称得格式为（<<主题名称>>； <<指纹>>）。Foo的主题名称为CN=Foo，你可以通过MMC的证书管理单元查看证书的指纹，比如指纹内容为 50819320DAAF1BAD9DE8823D3216BE9B36760C4D。那么我们只需要针对用户名“CN=Foo; 50819320DAAF1BAD9DE8823D3216BE9B36760C4D”进行授权就可以了。我们一样将角色分配实现在服务寄宿程序中。

if (!Roles.RoleExists("Administrators"))
{
    Roles.CreateRole("Administrators");
}
if (!Roles.IsUserInRole("CN=Foo; 50819320DAAF1BAD9DE8823D3216BE9B36760C4D", "Administrators"))
{
    Roles.AddUserToRole("CN=Foo; 50819320DAAF1BAD9DE8823D3216BE9B36760C4D", "Administrators");
}
using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))
{
    host.Open();
    Console.Read();
}

　　然后客户端分别使用针对Foo和Bar两张不同证书作为凭证进行服务调用，相应的客户端程序如下所示。根据权限的不同，也只有第一次服务调用能够成功。

客户端程序：

   1: ChannelFactory<ICalculator> channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("calculatorService");

   2: channelFactory.Credentials.ClientCertificate.SetCertificate( StoreLocation.LocalMachine, StoreName.My, X509FindType.FindBySubjectName,"Foo");

   3: ICalculator calculator = channelFactory.CreateChannel();

   4: Invoke(calculator);

   5:  

   6: channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("calculatorService");

   7: channelFactory.Credentials.ClientCertificate.SetCertificate(StoreLocation.LocalMachine, StoreName.My, X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "Bar");   

   8: calculator = channelFactory.CreateChannel();

   9: Invoke(calculator);

输出结果：

服务调用成功...
服务调用失败...