WCF序列化(二)
XMLSerializer
提到XMLSerializer,我想绝大多数 人都知道这是asmx采用的Serializer。首先我们还是来看一个例子,通过比较Managed Type的结构和生成的XML的结构来总结这种序列化方式采用的是怎样的一种Mapping方式。和DataContractSerialzer Sample一样,我们要定义用于序列化对象所属的Type——XMLOrder和XMLProduct,他们和相面对应的 DataContractOrder和DataContractProduct具有相同的成员。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; namespace Artech.WCFSerialization { public class XMLProduct { Private Fields#region Private Fields private Guid _productID; private string _productName; private string _producingArea; private double _unitPrice; Constructors#region Constructors public XMLProduct() { Console.WriteLine("The constructor of XMLProduct has been invocated!"); } public XMLProduct(Guid id, string name, string producingArea, double price) { this._productID = id; this._productName = name; this._producingArea = producingArea; this._unitPrice = price; } #endregion Properties#region Properties public Guid ProductID { get { return _productID; } set { _productID = value; } } public string ProductName { get { return _productName; } set { _productName = value; } } internal string ProducingArea { get { return _producingArea; } set { _producingArea = value; } } public double UnitPrice { get { return _unitPrice; } set { _unitPrice = value; } } #endregion } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; namespace Artech.WCFSerialization { public class XMLOrder { private Guid _orderID; private DateTime _orderDate; private XMLProduct _product; private int _quantity; Constructors#region Constructors public XMLOrder() { this._orderID = new Guid(); this._orderDate = DateTime.MinValue; this._quantity = int.MinValue; Console.WriteLine("The constructor of XMLOrder has been invocated!"); } public XMLOrder(Guid id, DateTime date, XMLProduct product, int quantity) { this._orderID = id; this._orderDate = date; this._product = product; this._quantity = quantity; } #endregion Properties#region Properties public Guid OrderID { get { return _orderID; } set { _orderID = value; } } public DateTime OrderDate { get { return _orderDate; } set { _orderDate = value; } } public XMLProduct Product { get { return _product; } set { _product = value; } } public int Quantity { get { return _quantity; } set { _quantity = value; } } #endregion public override string ToString() { return string.Format("ID: {0}\nDate:{1}\nProduct:\n\tID:{2}\n\tName:{3}\n\tProducing Area:{4}\n\tPrice:{5}\nQuantity:{6}", this._orderID,this._orderDate,this._product.ProductID,this._product.ProductName,this._product.ProducingArea,this._product.UnitPrice,this._quantity); } } }
编写Serialization的Code.
static void SerializeViaXMLSerializer() { XMLProduct product = new XMLProduct(Guid.NewGuid(), "Dell PC", "Xiamen FuJian", 4500); XMLOrder order = new XMLOrder(Guid.NewGuid(), DateTime.Today, product, 300); string fileName = _basePath + "Order.XmlSerializer.xml"; using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create)) { XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(XMLOrder)); using (XmlDictionaryWriter writer = XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateTextWriter(fs)) { serializer.Serialize(writer, order); } } Process.Start(fileName); }
调用上面定义的方法,生成序列化的XML。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <XMLOrder xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <OrderID>b695fd18-9cd7-4792-968a-0c0c3a3962c2</OrderID> <OrderDate>2007-03-09T00:00:00+08:00</OrderDate> <Product> <ProductID>23a2fe03-d0a0-4ce5-b213-c7e5196af566</ProductID> <ProductName>Dell PC</ProductName> <UnitPrice>4500</UnitPrice> </Product> <Quantity>300</Quantity> </XMLOrder>
这里我们总结出以下的Mapping关系:
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Root Element被指定为类名。
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不会再Root Element中添加相应的Namaspace。
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对象成员以XML Element的形式输出。
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对象成员出现的顺利和在Type定义的顺序一致。
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只有Public Field和可读可写得Proppery才会被序列化到XML中——比如定义在XMLProduct中的internal string ProducingArea没有出现在XML中。
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Type定义的时候不需要运用任何Attribute。
以上这些都是默认的Mapping关系,同DataContractSerializer一样,我们可以通过在Type以及它的成员中运用一些Attribute来改这种默认的Mapping。
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Root Element名称之后能为类名。
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可以在Type上运用XMLRoot,通过Namaspace参数在Root Element指定Namespace。
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可以通过在类成员上运用XMLElement Attribute和XMLAttribute Attribute指定对象成员转化成XMLElement还是XMLAttribute。并且可以通过NameSpace参数定义Namespace。
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可以在XMLElement或者XMLAttribute Attribute 通过Order参数指定成员在XML出现的位置。
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可以通过XmlIgnore attribute阻止对象成员被序列化。
基于上面这些,我们重新定义了XMLProduct和XMLOrder。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Xml.Serialization; namespace Artech.WCFSerialization { public class XMLProduct { Private Fields#region Private Fields private Guid _productID; private string _productName; private string _producingArea; private double _unitPrice; #endregion Constructors#region Constructors public XMLProduct() { Console.WriteLine("The constructor of XMLProduct has been invocated!"); } public XMLProduct(Guid id, string name, string producingArea, double price) { this._productID = id; this._productName = name; this._producingArea = producingArea; this._unitPrice = price; } #endregion Properties#region Properties [XmlAttribute("id")] public Guid ProductID { get { return _productID; } set { _productID = value; } } [XmlElement("name")] public string ProductName { get { return _productName; } set { _productName = value; } } [XmlElement("producingArea")] public string ProducingArea { get { return _producingArea; } set { _producingArea = value; } } [XmlElement("price")] public double UnitPrice { get { return _unitPrice; } set { _unitPrice = value; } } #endregion } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Xml.Serialization; namespace Artech.WCFSerialization { [XmlRoot(Namespace = "http://artech.wcfSerialization/Samples/Order")] public class XMLOrder { private Guid _orderID; private DateTime _orderDate; private XMLProduct _product; private int _quantity; Constructors#region Constructors public XMLOrder() { this._orderID = new Guid(); this._orderDate = DateTime.MinValue; this._quantity = int.MinValue; Console.WriteLine("The constructor of XMLOrder has been invocated!"); } public XMLOrder(Guid id, DateTime date, XMLProduct product, int quantity) { this._orderID = id; this._orderDate = date; this._product = product; this._quantity = quantity; } #endregion Properties#region Properties [XmlAttribute("id")] public Guid OrderID { get { return _orderID; } set { _orderID = value; } } [XmlElement(ElementName = "date",Order = 3)] public DateTime OrderDate { get { return _orderDate; } set { _orderDate = value; } } [XmlElement(ElementName = "product", Order = 1, Namespace = "Http://Artech.WCFSerialization/Samples/Product")] public XMLProduct Product { get { return _product; } set { _product = value; } } [XmlElement(ElementName = "quantity", Order = 2)] public int Quantity { get { return _quantity; } set { _quantity = value; } } #endregion public override string ToString() { return string.Format("ID: {0}\nDate:{1}\nProduct:\n\tID:{2}\n\tName:{3}\n\tProducing Area:{4}\n\tPrice:{5}\nQuantity:{6}", this._orderID,this._orderDate,this._product.ProductID,this._product.ProductName,this._product.ProducingArea,this._product.UnitPrice,this._quantity); } } }
重新进行一次Serialization。我们可以得到下面的XML。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <XMLOrder id="9a0bbda4-1743-4398-bc4f-ee216e02695b" xmlns="http://artech.wcfSerialization/Samples/Order" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <product id="4e3aabe5-3a51-4000-9fd8-d821d164572a" xmlns="Http://Artech.WCFSerialization/Samples/Product"> <name>Dell PC</name> <producingArea>Xiamen FuJian</producingArea> <price>4500</price> </product> <quantity>300</quantity> <date>2007-03-09T00:00:00+08:00</date> </XMLOrder>
分析完XMLSerializer的Serialization功能,我们照例来分析它的反向过程—Deserialization。下面的Deserialization的Code。
static void DeserializeViaXMLSerializer() { string fileName = _basePath + "Order.XmlSerializer.xml"; XMLOrder order; using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open)) { XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(XMLOrder), "http://artech.WCFSerialization/Samples"); using (XmlDictionaryReader reader = XmlDictionaryReader.CreateTextReader(fs, new XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas())) { order= serializer.Deserialize(reader) as XMLOrder; } } Console.WriteLine(order); Console.Read(); }
调用 DeserializeViaXMLSerializer,得到下面的Screen Shot。下面显示的Order对象的信息和我们利用DataContractSerializaer进行Deserialization是的输出没有什 么两样。不过有趣的是上面多出了两行额外的输出:The constructor of XMLProduct has been invocated! The constructor of XMLOrder has been invocated。而这个操作实际上是定义在XMLProduct和XMLOrder的默认(无参)构造函数里的。所此我们可以得出这样的结论——用 XMLSerializer进程Deserialization,会调用的默认(无参)构造函数来初始化对象。
DataContractSerializer V.S. XMLSerializer
上面我们分别分析了两种不同的Serializer,现在我们来简单总结一下他们的区别:
特性 |
XMLSerializer |
DataContractSerializer |
默认Mapping |
所有Public Field和可读可写Property |
所有DataMember Filed、Property |
是否需要Attribute |
不需要 |
DataContract DataMember或者Serializable |
成员的默认次序 |
Type中定义的顺序 |
字母排序 |
兼容性 |
.asmx |
Remoting |
Deserialzation |
调用默认构造函数 |
不会调用 |
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